Lead+(silver+class)

= **Lead (Pb)** = The atomic structure of Pb =Lead out of the ground= =**Background**= How/why we use this chemical It makes liquid teams thicker and last longer, can be used to write or block out radiation. Can be also used to stiffen certain items. Specific products it’s in It was used in Paint and Pencils. It is still used in some paints, it is used in the pad used to cover people who are getting x-rays, and it is used in the wick of a candle to make it thicker to burn evenly. What it does (positives) It is very good at stiffening certain items, makes paint thicker and last longer, and blocks the radiation of almost everything. Where it is used (what countries) It is used in America, Latin American, and Asian countries.

=Citations= 1) Jedwab, Jacques and Boulègue, Jacques (1984): Graphite crystals in hydrothermal vents: Nature: 310: 41-43. 2) Weinelt, Winfried (1984), Die Geologie der Graphit- Lagerstatte Kropfmuhl: Magma: 4: 52-56. 3) Weiner, Karl-Ludwig and Hager, Harald (1987), Growth spirals on graphite crystals: Lapis: 12(1): 31-33. 4) "A history of pencils". www.pencils.com. http://www.pencils.com/history.html. Retrieved 7 April 2007. 5) Randerson, James (June 2002). "Candle pollution". NewScientist.com (23. http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg17423481.900-candle-pollution.html. Retrieved 2007-04-07.

=Abstract= Lead is used to harden plastic and thickens paint. Being exposed to lead can cause vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, coma or death. Because it is in human made products, people buy them. Some kids toys and objects were especially found with lead in them, which, presents a hazard to children because they tend to put things in their mouth. Some places are starting to cut back on the lead they use in manufacturing.

Possible dangers of lead poisoning in children are lowering your IQ, Behavior issues, Hearing problems, Learning disabilities, and slowed physical growth. In adults its slightly more severe such as high blood pressure, brain damage, severe damage to the nervous system, stomach, and kidneys.
 * Human health implications **

Include human systems involved (eg reproductive, endocrine) It includes the Nervous, Muscular, Skeletal, and Urinary systems. Discuss if the effect on the human body happens in a short or long amount of time The effect it has on the human body can happen in any amount of time, depending on how much you are exposed to it. If every wall in your house is painted with lead paint and use leaded gas in your car (which has not been used for quite some time) can affect the time. Also you must take in each persons individual exposure and immunities, but its cumulative so the little amounts you might take in build up. It takes about 2-3 months in children to get it, and 4-6 months for adults. Ways to prevent lead poisoning: · Eat lots of protein and iron · Regular meals · No fasting · Check old plumbing · Check the paint on your walls · Don’t be near the underside of a bridge · Check Products manufactured in China

Environmental - We have been using lead for thousands of years, and our reliance on lead has increased substantially since the industrial revolution. However, we now know that lead is dangerous to the human body, and as a result we no longer use lead as much as we did in the past. Some of the past uses of lead have left behind serious environmental problems. Deteriorating lead-based paint in older houses, and mining and smelting communities left to deal with high concentrations of lead in air, water and soil, are just two examples of the types of problems that can be difficult and expensive to remove. Lead has only harmful effects on our health, and each time we are exposed to lead some of it is stored in our bodies for the rest of our lives. This means that even small amounts of lead in our environment can be harmful if we are continually exposed. Politics - Lead was portrayed as safe for children to use, be around, and even touch. The third way that lead was exempted from the normal public health measures and regulatory apparatus that had largely controlled phosphorus poisoning, poor quality food and meats and other potential public health hazards was more insidious and involved directly influencing the scientific integrity of the clinical observations and research. Throughout the past century tremendous pressure by the lead industry itself was brought to bear to quiet, even intimidate, researchers and clinicians who reported on or identified lead as a hazard. This article will draw on our previous work and add new documentation of the trajectory of industry attempts to keep out of the public view the tremendous threat of lead poisoning to children. Economics - Lead poisoning is a medical condition caused by increased levels of the heavy metal lead in your body. Lead interferes with a variety of body processes and is toxic to many organs and tissues including the heart, bones, intestines, kidneys, and reproductive and nervous system. Lead was in pencils, cosmetics, paint and has most recently it has been found in children toys.

=Chemistry Section:= Lead is produced from Lead ore called galena. The galena is mined; two examples of where it is found are the mines in North-east Wales Orefield and the North Pennine Orefield, both in the UK. Lead is a natural element that is found in the earth's natural environment and it is used in a lot of man-made products. Lead is used in food, toys, paint, jewelry some foods and some house hold products as well. Lead has been found in the paint, metal and plastic parts of jewelry, toys, vinyl lunch boxes and other imported products for children. Many of these products come from China.Younger children who put their hands and toys in their mouth are at greatest risk.

=Summary= Lead was found in candy, food, paint, pencils, and with new findings, paint on children’s toys. Since children don’t know any better, they are most at risk because they could consume the lead, which would make them sick. Because people were getting sick, lead is now mostly only found in outdoor paints. America and China have the least lead restrictions on products with lead = =