Lead

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Lead ( Pb)
 Science Leadership Academy (Tyrone,Rick, Marquis)  **Lead is a soft, malleable metal, which is included in the group of heavy metals. Lead is a dense, ductile metal with a low tensile strength. It has a face-centered cubic crystalline structure and poor electrical conductivity. Lead is highly resistant to corrosion and can be toughened by adding a small quantity of antimony, or other metals to it. Since lead is so strong, it is often used in things to keep make them last longer, things like paint, car batteries, firearms, etc. Lead is used in many countries including Australia, China, USA, Peru, Canada, Mexico, Sweden, Morocco, South Africa and North Korea. Lead has been banned from certain products such as toys, because of the dangers of children coming into contact with lead products.
 *  Abstract :

There are many health changes with humans who have exposure to it over a long period of time. This can cause permanent problems with health, learning, and behavior in young children. It can also cause high blood pressure, kidney damage, and fertility problems in adults.

We chose this chemical because it is known for being dangerous when coming into contact with people. It can damage nervous connections and cause blood and brain disorders, especially in small children. When many toys were discovered to have lead inside them, a big health scare was the result. Since children can be affected the most, precautions were taken to help prevent them coming into contact with toys that contain lead. Another use for lead was in pencils, but they were stopped when lead was found to be as poisonous. If there cannot be a way to use the element productively without it affecting small children in the ways it does, then it should be banned until something can be figured out.

Lead makes up only about 0.0013 percent of Earth's crust but was well known in the ancient world and was even mentioned in the Book of Exodus. The word "lead" is derived from the Anglo-Saxon word laedan. Lead's symbol, Pb, comes from the Latin word for lead, plumbum. Because of lead's long use in piping, the word "plumber" comes from that same root. Lead is an extremely dense but malleable metal that is very resistant to corrosion. Its also sometimes found free in nature but is usually obtained from ores such as galena (PbS) or cerussite (PbCO 3 ), from which it is easily mined and refined. Most lead is obtained by simply roasting galena in hot air.
 * Background: 

We chose this chemical because it is known for being dangerous when coming into contact with people. It can damage nervous connections and cause blood and brain disorders, especially in small children. When many toys were discovered to have lead inside them, a big health scare was the result. Since children can be affected the most, precautions were taken to help prevent them coming into contact with toys that contain lead. Another use for lead was in pencils, but they were stopped when lead was found to be as poisonous. **

** Lead is extracted from ores dug from underground mines. More than 60 minerals contain a form of lead,d but only three are usually mined for lead production. The most common is called galena. The pure form of galena ( a mineral, lead sulphide (PbS) used as an ore for lead ) contains only lead and sulfur, but it is usually found with traces of other metals in it, including the following:
 * Chemistry:
 * 1) silver
 * 2) copper
 * 3) cadmium
 * 4) antimony
 * 5) <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> arsenic

<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Where is Lead Found? Lead is found in products we use on a daily bases. A lot of the products we might be using right now, such as water. We use “Drinking Water” everyday that contains a lot of lead, especially the school district school water fountains. Here are Products that Contain Pb (Lead): Soil Watches Dust Paint Imported Candles Imported FoodMetal Jewelry Mini Blinds Folk Medicines <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-weight: normal;">This is more so of just a little small list. The list goes on and on. <span style="color: #000080; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">**<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Human Health Implications ** <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">: The younger generation (Children) absorb lead more than adults. Studies have examined the effects of lead on school-aged children. Children from low- income families, living in older housing stock, near areas with busy traffic (like New York), renovations, and demolished buildings are considered to be a higher risk. With out showing symtoms of lead poisoning, ones's health can be damaged by elevated lead levels. When lead is in the brain it interferes with the mechanisms that naturally evolve in a normally brain thats developing.
 * Lead is not capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms. Lead only accumulates where it is deposited. Lead doesn't not provide biological benefits to humans. In various countries lead has not been banned from gasoline, paint or plumbing fixtures. The growing population is taxing the existing water systems, which are extremely old and leaching lead. Experts conclude that the children who play or live in larger cities like Philadelphia and or New York are being exposed to excessive levels of lead in their environment and develop unacceptable elevated blood lead levels. **  <span style="color: #000080; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">

**<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Environmental/Economic/Political Implications: ** ====<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 90%;">**<span style="color: #000080; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 107.91%; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;">Lead is everywhere from dirt to toys. It is mostly found in places that contain paint before 1978 and toys made outside the U.S. It is invisible, order less, and tasteless. Exposure to it over a long period of time and cause Permanent problems with health, learning, and behavior in young children. And also High blood pressure, kidney damage, and fertility problems in adults. I big soure of lead exporse comes from remodeling. When sanding or removing paint lead becomes airborne. The person who creates the lead waste is responsible for its disposal. Contractors cannot leave lead-contaminated materials with the property owner for disposal. The United States Environmental Protection Agency allows contractors to dispose of residential lead-based paint waste construction and demolition landfills. It seem that there are very few lead product made in the U.S. If it were banned we wouldn't have some stained glass, jewelry making, pottery glazing, and miniature lead figures children's paint sets and art supplies, pipes, faucets, painted toys and decorations made outside the U.S. ** ====

**Summary:**..............
**<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Citations ** <span style="color: #000080; display: inline; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: left;">: 1. <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Canada,. (2008, November ). It’s your health. Effects Of Lead And Human Health, 1-4.Lead. (2001, May 17). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead 2. George H. Wahl Jr.,. (n.d.). Chemistry explained - lead. Retrieved from http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Kr-Ma/Lead.html

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